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Precision Software Appli…tions Silver Collection 1
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Precision Software Applications Silver Collection Volume One (PSM) (1993).iso
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H2NOVEL.DOC
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1992-10-06
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Renewed Attacks
The pattern of suppressing intellectual activity, with
intermittent periods of relaxation, helped the party leadership
reinforce its authority. After 1923, when threats to the
revolution's survival had disappeared, intellectuals enjoyed
relative creative freedom while the regime concentrated on
improving the country's economic plight by allowing limited free
enterprise under the Lenin's New Economic Policy.
But in 1928, the Central Committee established the right of
the party to exercise guidance over literature; and in 1932
literary and artistic organizations were restructured to promote
a specified style called socialist realism. Works that did not
contribute to the building of socialism were banned. Lenin had
seen the need for increasing revolutionary consciousness in
workers. Stalin now asserted that art should not merely serve
society, but do so in a way determined by the party and its
megalomaniacal plans for transforming society. As a result,
artists and intellectuals as well as political figures became
victims of the Great Terror of the 1930s.
During the war against Nazi Germany, artists were permitted
to infuse their works with patriotism and to direct them against
the enemy. The victory in 1945, however, brought a return to
repression against deviation from party policy. Andrei Zhdanov,
who had been Stalin's spokesman on cultural affairs since 1934,
led the attack. He viciously denounced such writers as Anna
Akhmatova, Boris Pasternak, and Mikhail Zoshchenko, who were
labeled "anti-Soviet, underminers of socialist realism, and
unduly pessimistic." Individuals were expelled from the Union of
Writers, and offending periodicals were either abolished or
brought under direct party control.
Zhdanov died in 1948, but the cultural purge known as the
Zhdanovshchina continued for several more years. The noted
filmmaker Sergei Eisenstein and great composers such as Sergei
Prokofiev and Dmitrii Shostakovich were denounced for "neglect of
ideology and subservience to Western influence." The attacks
extended to scientists and philosophers and continued until after
Stalin's death in 1953.
Regarding Marietta Shaginian's novel, Ticket to history, part one,
the Ul'ianov family
...the Central Committee has determined that as a
biographical-documentary novel about the life of the Ul'ianov
family, and also about the childhood and youth of Lenin, it appears
to be a politically harmful, ideologically hostile work. One
should consider it a gross political error on the part of the
book's editor, Comrade Ermilov, and those in charge who permitted
Shaginian's novel to be printed.
One condemns the behavior of Comrade Krupskaia, who having
received a draft copy of Shaginian's novel not only did not prevent
the novel's publication, but instead, encouraged Shaginian in every
way possible, reviewed the draft positively and advised Shaginian
on the facts of the Ul'ianov family's life. One should also
consider Comrade Krupskaia completely responsible for this book.
One should consider the behavior of Comrade Krupskaia all the
more intolerable and tactless, since Comrade Krupskaia was in
charge of Shaginian's task of writing a novel about Lenin without
the knowledge and approval of the Central Committee, behind the
back of the Central Committee, turning the very same all-party
matter of composing a literary work about Lenin into a private and
family affair, appearing in the role of sole exploiter of the
circumstances of the social and personal life and works of Lenin
and his family, for which the Central Committee never granted
anyone exclusive rights.
The Central Committee resolves
1) to remove Comrade Ermilov from the position of editor of
"Krasnaia Nov'"
2) to announce the reprimand of the director of GIKhL [State
Publishing House of Belle Lettres] Comrade...
3) to apprise Krupskaia of her error
4) to prohibit anyone from submitting a literary work about Lenin
without the knowledge and permission of the Central Committee
5) to question Shaginian's party membership in the KPK (Control
Commission of the Communist Party).